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You have to make a reference with other versions of golang since the opcodes might be different in every version. golang_loader_assist uses those opcodes as a pattern to search for strings.
I think, once you installed the Windows SDKs and use the WinDBG, all the PDBs or symbols that are needed will be downloaded automatically so you can choose the PDB locally.
If you are trying to backtrace where the pop up message was called, you can try to set a breakpoint in MessageBoxA if it uses that WinAPI and check the call stack.
Are you sure about the value of instruction pointer in your exception handler? Maybe, you should have to get first the current RIP after the IDIV instruction.
Since the file is packed, you cannot find the string you mentioned above even loading it in IDAPro or any disassembler. I think it is the easiest way to unpack the file considering that we already have a tool such as OllyDump and Import Reconstructor.