Questions tagged [radare2]
Opensource reverse engineering framework to disassemble, debug, analyze, manipulate binary files and more.
325
questions
0
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0answers
9 views
radare2 convenience variables
gdb allows setting arbitrary convenience variables:
set $a = "test"
set $b = 3
p $a # => "test"
p $b # => 3
Is there a way to do something similar in radare2? I'd like to be ...
0
votes
0answers
20 views
How to insert asm code in file without overwriting in Radare2
I am learning reverse engineering tools.
I notice that when you need to patch some file (as least in visual mode) you need to overwrite instructions, i.e when using shift+a in visual mode or i in ...
1
vote
0answers
15 views
File not want to patch. Radare2
I am learning by doing some cracking in files that i made in C. One of this files is this:
file.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
char s[15] = "...
1
vote
0answers
22 views
radare2 Loop over literal strings for search
In radare2, I can search and grep e.g. / needle ~:0 2>/dev/null. How I can I do that in a loop for multiple needles? E.g. something like for n in needle1 needle2 needle3; do / $n ~:0 2>/dev/...
1
vote
0answers
20 views
Radare2 Load file from stdin fails
Radare2 supports loading a file from stdin via =. However, my attempts to use it don't work:
$ r2 /bin/ls
Warning: run r2 with -e bin.cache=true to fix relocations in disassembly
[0x00006810]> q
$ ...
1
vote
2answers
50 views
How can I tell radare2 to show me a constant's value in disassembly
In radare2, I can disassemble like:
0x004006f0]> pd 3
...
0x004006f0 ff2532092000 jmp qword [reloc.callme_three] ; [0x601028:8]=0x4006f6
0x004006f6 6802000000 push 2 ...
1
vote
1answer
45 views
How can I use radare2 to list all xrefs to a string?
radare2 can list all strings with iz , and list all functions with afl. How can I use radar2e to list the XREFs for each string? That is, for each string, which funcs reference it?
I'd like to be ...
2
votes
1answer
66 views
Free alternative to Lighthouse Code Coverage Explorer?
I was trying to find if there is any free tool that allows an output similar to Lighthouse. I want to highlight the code paths taken so that I only reverse engineer the parts that are being executed. ...
0
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0answers
30 views
How can I retrieve dropped PE files from a dropper without the program necessary to execute the dropper?
I have a file (dll) that is a Cobalt Strike dropper based on the strings found inside. The file has an "entry0", and other general windows specific functions. The file appears to be ...
0
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0answers
35 views
How to record all the "call instructions" for a brief interval?
I want to find the GUI push buttons callback function address (Qt app). I am thinking of recording all the call instructions during the short duration it takes to click the button and inspect all of ...
0
votes
0answers
55 views
Is it possible to detect that a function has been called from a loop? - Radare-2
is it possible to detect a function is calling from inside a loop in Radare-2.
for (i = 0; i<n; i++)
foo()
foo() ==> 0x00402f90 // starting address
Thanks
1
vote
0answers
116 views
Radare2 cannot open bin for writing
Im on Kali and im using Radare2 but it says
r2 -d bin
Killing child process 16151 due to an error
Killing child process 16152 due to an error
[w] Cannot open 'dbg://./bin' for writing.
I tried chmod +...
0
votes
0answers
42 views
Radare2 give same assembly code with two different file.apk
I want to use the reverse engineering of radare2 (run on Kali Linux 2020) in order to get the assembly code of file.apk. But I do not know why two different file.apk give the same code. I checked many ...
1
vote
1answer
56 views
print format in radare2 cannot output all my string
I was doing a CTF challenge and I need to see the value of RAX register in radare2.
I first dumped all of printable ascii characters as input, one of the function encoded the input and spit out the ...
0
votes
0answers
86 views
radare2: Print strings in function for 32-bit binaries
I want to see the strings that are printed by the puts() function in the output of radare2's pdf, but it doesn't work. I have a similar problem as mentioned here, but I think it's somehow related to ...
1
vote
0answers
38 views
Function Arguments/Name on Radare and IDA
I am starting with reverse engineering and Radare and I'm facing the following problem, on IDA Free I see the following code:
mov ecx, 11h
lea edi, [esp+1208h+StartupInfo]
rep stosd
lea ...
1
vote
1answer
92 views
what is the difference between pd $s and pdf @@f in Radare2
I've tried searching around on how to disassemble a whole binary. I found that pd $s and pdf @@f are the 2 commands suggested most widely. I could understand the working of the latter, but I don't see ...
2
votes
1answer
391 views
How can I find an external function code correctly in Ghidra and Radare2?
This is a code to call an external function(get_random_name) in the main function
push {fp, lr}
add fp, sp, 4
sub sp, sp, 0x1d8
str r0, [fp, -0x1d8]
str r1, [fp, -0x1dc]
sub r3, fp, 0x44
...
0
votes
0answers
65 views
What are "covrage and "codesz" in radare2?
[0x00009124]> a
fcns 0
xrefs 0
calls 0
strings 126
symbols 74
imports 27
covrage 347
codesz 27543
percent 8%
Sorry, this is a newbie question, but what are covrage and codesz?
How can I ...
1
vote
1answer
244 views
radare2 unable to run a binary file
I've been trying to debug a binary file in radare2 but it throws me this error.
$ r2 -d bin
Killing child process 1688 due to an error
Killing child process 1689 due to an error
[...
0
votes
0answers
52 views
Function name from Ordinal number in Radare2
When disassembling dll or exe files in radare2, I sometimes encounter function calls via ordinals (call sub. mfc140u.dll_Ordinal_2246). As I understand it, the problem is that there is no pdb file for ...
1
vote
0answers
32 views
Change return value of a boolean function in arm library
I have an android library (arm cpu) that have a function named GetEisLinkWithDfr() that have a single line that returns boolean value of "true", and I want it to return a value of "...
2
votes
1answer
74 views
`af` does not seem to find all functions in Radare2
The disassembly at the entry point looks like this:
: ;-- entry0:
: ;-- _mainCRTStartup:
: ;-- eip:
: 0x004014e0 83ec0c sub esp, 0xc
: ...
2
votes
1answer
89 views
Radare2 does not reload payload correctly
I'm new to Radare2 so i'm trying to learn it by doing some basic buffer overflows. My problem is that, when i try to load some payloads, the stack seems to fake them in some differents ways...
For ...
0
votes
0answers
34 views
Can I find out what methods are being swizzled in runtime?
I have an obfuscated dylib injecting into a process in macOS to swizzle objc methods. Obviously I can decompile it to check what it is hooking, but its heavily obfuscated. Hence, can I find out what ...
3
votes
1answer
101 views
`af` vs `afr` in Radare2
I am trying to understand the difference between analyze functions and analyze functions recursively in Radare2. Given a code snippet like this:
#include <stdio.h>
void b() {
printf("b ...
1
vote
1answer
106 views
Radare2 - "/c pointer; offset" command not giving expected response to search instances of the same pair of similar instructions
I am trying to find an offset IOSURFACEROOTUSERCLIENT_VTAB from an iOS kext(IOSurface) using radare2 and there is a need to use the command "/c pointer; offset" as per the instructions in ...
0
votes
1answer
79 views
What does anal.hasnext actually do?
I am trying to understand anal.hasnext control flow configuration option of Radare. The documentation says "Continue analysis after each function. Forces to find a function, after the end of a ...
0
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0answers
29 views
Saving a breakpoint in radare2 loses the format string
Good day to you all.
I'm new to radare2 and reverse engineering in general.
Debugging a small crackme.
I want to save breakpoints.
Initially, everything is fine: db* > bps and load breakpoints: ...
0
votes
0answers
60 views
How to reverse engineer structs in radare2?
Is there any way to indentify structs in radare2?
when i tried to look them, they look like normal variables, i seen people using td and tl command but I don't know how to use them. If you know please ...
0
votes
0answers
59 views
Radare2 is showing weird disassembly as compared to disassembly of gcc
Today i was playing around with c code in r2.
I compiled a file which had the following code.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int a=9;
float b=1.1;
int sum;
sum = ...
0
votes
1answer
72 views
Interpret radare2 help
So I run radare2 from the command line with r2 - and attempt to display the help with the ? command. I read this line which says:
?[??][expr] Help or evaluate math expression
I am not ...
0
votes
0answers
91 views
Why won't Radare2 display main's paramethers of a 32bit ELF on a 64 bit machine?
I am new to reversing and currently trying to follow this tutorial, in which the binary provided was compiled on a 32 bit machine hence the file is a "ELF 32-bit LSB executable". It runs ...
1
vote
1answer
362 views
Golang program reversing with Radare2
I'm trying to understand how to reverse golang programs with radare2. In order to practice, i create a minimal program in Go:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("...
0
votes
0answers
21 views
radare2 can't see error/signal messages
I'm in visual mode on the debug screen. I'm stepping through some function code with the 'F7' shortcut key, when I hit a part of the code that yields an error or some kind of message, the message text ...
0
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0answers
134 views
Control flow graph of entire binary file
Is it possible to get the control flow graph of the entire binary file using any disassembler? IDA Pro generates the CFG for each function. Can we use it to get the CFG of the entire program?
2
votes
1answer
167 views
Can't modify string in radare2 (.rodata section)
I was following the response to this question to change the string of an elf executable. No matter how many times I try, I just can't modify the string. I notice that probably the issue lies in the ...
0
votes
1answer
241 views
main function not found in GCC compiled code
I'm trying to learn reverse engineering using Radare2.
For this I compiled a hello world program with GCC on Ubuntu (version: gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0).
#include <stdio.h>
int ...
0
votes
0answers
35 views
"rabin2 -E" and "afll" no output for an exe file
$ rabin2 -I test.exe
arch x86
baddr 0x400000
binsz 3229424
bintype pe
bits 32
canary false
retguard false
class PE32
cmp.csum 0x0031d950
...
4
votes
1answer
608 views
Ghidra + IDA cant detect a string but Radare2 can
Im new to reverse engineering, and ive trying Ghidra, IDA (Freeware) and Radare2 with a simple CrackMe, the problem is, both Ghidra and IDA couldnt detect a string while Radare2 (Using Cutter GUI) ...
2
votes
1answer
90 views
Getting memory address of particular bytes in radare2
in pwnlib there is a possibility to search for particular bytes, e.g. as follows for 0x66 byte:
print(next(p.elf.search(b'f')))
which in turn results in the following output:
4195268
Having this ...
1
vote
0answers
91 views
What do you think is the optimum environment for reverse engineering dynamically-linked aarch64 Golang binaries developed in Alpine Linux?
Direct quote from Golang's website: "GDB does not understand Go programs well. The stack management, threading, and runtime contain aspects that differ enough from the execution model GDB expects ...
1
vote
1answer
216 views
Crackme assistance - change input of a function
Just as a preface, this is a crackme from https://hack.ainfosec.com/. I know you can submit these as part of a job app, I have no intentions of doing that. Very happy to have a job in a related, but ...
0
votes
0answers
35 views
how do I use Remote Binary Protocol in cutter
how do I use Remote Binary Protocol I tried to connect to gdbserver through the normal method but it would just hang and not connect. I let it go like that for 1 hour
1
vote
1answer
92 views
How to change local_184h to skip past jump commands with Radare2?
I am trying to solve a CTF challenge but I am very much out of my depth and nothing online is helping me very much. This is what I'm working with currently
| 0x55b3fd508a41 4889e5 ...
1
vote
1answer
504 views
ARM binary dissasembly, Hopper works, Ghidra and Radare2 don't for some functions
I'm disassembling a large ARM binary and I see that for some functions both Ghidra and Radare2 appear to fail to disassemble certain functions whereas Hopper works for those same functions
In Ghidra - ...
1
vote
1answer
242 views
The Graph view in Cutter is empty
Following this question, I'm trying to figure out how cscript.exe parses the .wsh Windows Script Host control files. First I tried WinDbg, but Radare2-Cutter seems like a much nicer software TBH. What ...
1
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0answers
75 views
How can I rename location in radare2?
In radare2 I would like to be able to rename a node in the graph view. I though setting a flag to the entry of the graph node would also change its title, but the address of the nodes still shows ...
0
votes
0answers
46 views
Radare2: Running executable from a specific point
I am using radare2 to reverse engineer a standard crackme executable. I have obtained the password, but now I need use the program to read & print a restricted file to which the executable has ...
0
votes
1answer
128 views
How does radare2 create its memory layout?
Firstly Hello,
this is my first post on this forum even though im reading alot here.
Im trying to get into reversing and Low-Level stuff in general lately, and im a bit stuck right here.
I did read ...
