Questions tagged [assembly]
A family of very low-level programming languages, just above machine code, where each statement corresponds to a single machine code instruction.
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Mov instruction from a pointed location at the beginning of a program
I am trying to learn how to read assembly code. So far I have understood the basic instructions. Now I am trying to see if I can understand a dissassembly from a linked executable. So this is an ...
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Understanding disassembly information from Visual Studio's dumpbin and GNU's objdump
I usually write my code on Windows, and there are two different types of development environments, each providing their own tools to view the assembly code of an object file(*.obj) or executable (*....
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help with Ghidra and rewriting assembly
I'm learning reversing and for that i use Ghidra.
There is program i'm trying to modify so i can recompile it and make it work.
I have a code that ghidra decompile like this: data=function(4)
Going ...
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C instruction causing an address shift
I am trying to recreate a segment of assembly back into the C code. Below is the progress I've made so far, but I'm getting stumped on a specific section.
00000000000010049 <mysteryFunc>:
...
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How to get Assembly source from Bin file?
I have a binary file which is coded in assembly x86 and compiled with nasm. I used command
nasm file.asm -f bin -o file.bin
to compile it with nasm.
I deleted the source code from disk long time ago, ...
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Crackmes challenge not validating all answers
I am playing with this crackme. The executable takes a numerical input (e.g., 123) and adds all the numbers. The total must be 50. However, I noticed that not all inputs adding up to 50 are validated. ...
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x64dbg placing a on write breakpoint on a dynamic allocated address
I am currently trying to reverse the registration scheme of a crackme. I found the jump instruction that decides if the title of the program says “registered” or “unregistered” by simply searching for ...
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What is xmmword in IDA Pro?
Probably a silly question.
What's the xmmword means in IDA Pro?
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IDA - What LOC means in assembly?
I have this piece of assembly:
.text:0041B322 xor eax, eax
.text:0041B324 mov al, byte ptr [ebp+v13]
.text:0041B327 cmp eax, 1
.text:0041B32A jz loc_41B37D
.text:0041B330 xor eax, ...
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How to see where the heap is in IDA and how to see the segments for a process using non-source debugging
As in the title. I may be wrong about this but when using non-source debugging, all data coming from outside the source seems to be named debugxxx in the segments tab. .Rodata should be marked as ...
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What's DD ? In IDA Pro
I'm new to reverse engineering with IDA.
If dd is short for data, double-word, is a 32-bit value. It shows ?
How do I identify the value stored in dword_140007674?
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IDA API: obtain operand size prefix (x64)
I am trying to tell apart the following two instructions:
8D 02 lea eax, [rdx] // auxfix = 0x1810
67 8D 02 lea eax, [edx] // auxfix = 0x810
The only difference is in the insn_t....
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How to locate memory address in register $esp
000011d9 <main>:
11d9: 8d 4c 24 04 lea 0x4(%esp),%ecx
11dd: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp
11e0: ff 71 fc push -0x4(%ecx)
11e3: ...
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What arguments are passed into a CALL instruction?
While reverse enginnering a simple C program for training, I asked myself what was the point of those lines :
LAB_001006b5 XREF[1]: ...
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How to interpret memory dumps?
I'm pretty new to reverse engineering, and I decided to pick up https://microcorruption.com/ CTF to understand a bit more. The following code is from the tutorial section.
In a disassembled file, we ...
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How to use SHL/SAL, LEA and Add for arithmetic operations
I'm having problem computing the following arithmetic questions using SHL/SAL, LEA and ADD, and hoping someone can help explain or find the best ways to apply those:
Multiply a variable by 24
...
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What is the meaning of jmp dword ptr off_XXXXXXXX + 8 in IDA?
What is the meaning of this kind of jmp instruction in x86 assembly in IDA?
Does it mean that we should jump to the address [6CA2E9B0] + 8 or [6CA2E9B0+8]?
When I follow that off_XXX, I get to the ...
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Which encryption returns 192 hash value it means 96 in bytes?
I am reversing an APK and there is a signature that needs to be found.
The function from where the signature is generated is present in the .so file.
I did small debugging. While doing it, the ...
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ARM/THUMB assembly mismatch between binaries causes crash
I am trying to play around with an app for Android and every time I try to call a function (lua_gettop() from the Lua 5.1 library) from the app's address space, it hits me with ILL_ILLOPC.
I made sure ...
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stack explanation from https://revers.engineering/applied-re-the-stack/
I've been reading [1] (By Daax Rynd) to get an understanding the stack and at around the 12th page, I'm a bit stumped by how the value 60 from sub rsp, 60 was arrived at.
[Note, all code and quotes ...
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How to resolve illegal instruction for this ARM stack exploitation?
Summary
I am trying to write a stack overflow exploit for ARM Cortex-A72 running
Raspberry Pi OS (32-bit). Because of my choice of OS, I am restricted to
the ARMv7 (32-bit) instruction set.
I have ...
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is there a tool to decompile old exe to C?
I follow the free software implementation of OpenRCT2 from the beggining (when it was in other repository).
And the first commits are a bunch of C files, these files has a lot of asm blocks of code ...
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what is metaData of assemblies and what is used for
hi there I hope you doing well
lately, I have searched about ildasm and how to protect my DLLs from reverse engineering,
so I found some great open source projects (ConfuseEx..), it works when I tried ...
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Why does the "MOV DWORD PTR ds:0xdeadbeef" instruction dereference the 0xdeadbeef address?
I'm reverse engineering a binary and I'm confused, because my theoretical knowledge is currently clashing with what's actually happening.
I thought that this instruction writes the value 0xdeadbeef ...
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How to import x86asm into Ghidra?
I have some assembly code as a .txt file (i.e. a list of the instructions, stuff like this):
00000003 E8D001 call 0x1d6
00000006 A08000 mov al,[0x80]
00000009 0C00 ...
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How To Access Predefined Class Attributes From IDA Pro After Loading The Binary Without Debugger Attached To Process [closed]
I have this class with constructor offsets and attributes:
public class example
{
// Fields
public float Attribute_1 = 1.5f; // 0x8
public int Attribute_2 = 102 ; // 0xC
// RVA: ...
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A tutorial or docs to unpack a custom packed PE
I am facing an odd situation. I have a licensed game that's doing odd actions on the system. I isolated it as I could and observed the behavior both network and so forth, and I suspect it's a custom-...
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ADDS(operations with S suffix) -Arm
This question was asked before here but in the answers I did get what i was looking for.
Consider this:
ADDS R0 RO R1
As far as I know to update the cpsr flags a subtraction has to be made. So after ...
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failed to trigger packer's loader by overwritting the entry of rela.dyn on aarch64
I have implemented packer of x86_64 shared library.
Briefly, a loader is injected to a shared library, and
the rela.dyn entry is modified such that it points to the address of the loader. Once the ...
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.data segment seems to contain code?
I have recently been trying to improve my skills on reverse engineering. So, I opened C:/Windows/System32/DriverStore/FileRepository/xboxgip.inf_amd64_90ed6b3fdc759a5b/devauthe.sys in IDA. While ...
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What is the data on the start of .rdata segment?
I've been doing some reverse engineering lately trying to improve my skills and came across the following bytes on the start of .rdata segment.
Filename: C:/cygwin64/bin/xkbcomp.exe
Bytes:
70 D3 FD FF ...
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Useless instructions in a compiled getter
This is the second time I see this kind of function today :
.text:00000000000010B0 sub_10B0 proc near ; CODE XREF: sub_1120:loc_1143↓p
.text:00000000000010B0 lea ...
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How to reverse engineer a setjmp/longjmp sequence?
I'm trying to reverse engineer the GNU libc x86 (32 bit) setjmp / longjmp (re a vuln which may allow arbitrary overwrite of the jmp_buf env.
There's a great writeup of the musl setjmp but I can find ...
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Starting out with reverse engineering. What assembly is disassembled code
I am new to reverse engineering and want to analyze my own exe/dll files. I took a look at nasm and masm and so far I have the feeling that this is unnecessary for me to learn in detail because it ...
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How to step into an invoked method from a DotNet DLL in dnSpy?
I've been analyzing a malware written in C# using dnSpy. It loaded a dotnet assembly DLL from its Resources:
I tried stepping into InvokeMember function, but could not go further when hitting this ...
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Translate ASM code x86 32 bits in C
I have a exercise which i can't resolve it, and i need help. If anyone can help me it would be great. I have the next ASM code in x86 32 bits which i need to translate in C language:
Dump of assembler ...
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Branching in arm assembly
This is an example assembly code:
function0()
0x0.mov r0, #1
0x8.mov r1, #20
0x10.mov r2, #6
0x18.cmp r1, #16
0x20.b function1
function1()
0x28.cmp r0, #1
0x30.b functionX
functionX(...
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When would a program normally transfer data between memory and coprocessor?
In the analysis of an ARM binary, when would one normally encounter transfer operations between memory and a coprocessor? These are encoded as the LDC and STC operators.
Would it be common for ...
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Not Understanding the FU540 Boot Process
I'm reading the manual for the SiFive FU540-C000 trying to understand the boot process, and I'm not making sense of the initial steps after power on.
I'm using MSEL = 1111 based on the recommendation ...
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I have a dos file/database that i need to extract into MS Excel or My Sql
I have a dos file/database(decades old) that I need to extract into MS Excel or My SQL.
I am using a MacBook.
The file appears to have no extension.
The file type I can see when I do "get info&...
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What C++ construct could emit such Watcom C++ 10.5 assembler listing?
Based on the assembler listings, a C++ object is locally allocated on the stack without constructing the object in the caller routine and the callee takes the address to the allocated stack space and ...
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How does this function take the argument if its not pushed into the stack?
I dont understand how does the function take the argument without pushing
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
and esp, 0FFFFFFF0h
sub esp, 20h
mov [esp+20h+var_20], offset aEnterX ; "Enter X:"
call _puts
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TEST instruction and ZF flag
In the part 07 of lena151 RE tutorial, we arrive to these instructions:
AL = 0
TEST AL,AL
JNZ ...
And notice:
Because of the JNZ, AL must be different from zero when arriving here to be registered.
...
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How to find bugs in a modern desktop application with reverse enginnering?
I would like to clarify the context for the question: I have studied different types of exploiting but all the studies I have carried out were with command line programs and with functions that I ...
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Confusing objdump with data as code
I am trying to confuse objdump to solve the first exercise of chapter 6 in Practical Binary Analysis. Admittedly I am super weak with inline assembler but I made a best-effort attempt and tried to get ...
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What kind of code creates this function call pattern?
While using WinDbg: u/uf to disassemble functions in ntoskrnl.exe there are functions that are used in system calls and exception handling that have these weird function call patterns and I can't ...
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Would hiring a RE service be worth it?
Before I clarify my question, I will explain the project I'm working on, and what I've done so far so there will be a better understanding of what I'm trying to do. I'm trying to modify the UI of a ...
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MIPS assembly to C code
I think I'm really brain-dead and am not really sure what to do next, but I am trying to manually convert assembly code to a C program. It's not really working, but I'm not sure what is wrong. I would ...
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Reversing bit rotations
so I have a question regarding the assembly instructions ror and rol:
Is it possible to properly reverse them?
So assuming I have something like
ROR EDX, 0x4
and know the contents of EDX after ...
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Is decompilation significantly more limited when performed on handwritten assembly?
I understand C language decompilers are designed to decompile code produced by a C compiler, and that such decompilers have a lot of limitations and sometimes are actually wrong (in the sense that ...
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