My goal is to run and debug ELF file (c444) which is compiled for the ARM architecture. I have some experience with x32 and x64 Intel architectures. However, I down know how to proceed with ARM-based architecture.
File general information is extracted below from tools file and readelf. It looks that the file is compiled for ARM architecture: ARMV5TE and ARM core: arm1022e.
c444: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /system/bin/linker, stripped
Architecture specific information
kali@kali:~/Downloads/samolan$ readelf -A c444
Attribute Section: aeabi
File Attributes
Tag_CPU_name: "arm1022e"
Tag_CPU_arch: v5TE
Tag_ARM_ISA_use: Yes
Tag_THUMB_ISA_use: Thumb-1
Tag_FP_arch: VFPv2
Tag_ABI_PCS_GOT_use: GOT-indirect
Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t: 4
Tag_ABI_FP_denormal: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_number_model: IEEE 754
Tag_ABI_align_needed: 8-byte
Tag_ABI_enum_size: int
Tag_ABI_optimization_goals: Aggressive Speed
Tag_ABI_FP_16bit_format: IEEE 754
Headers
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: DYN (Shared object file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x470
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 4480 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 24
Section header string table index: 23
From Wiki I can see that there are many different variations of ARM architectures and one of them is ARMV5TE. I found that QEMU can emulate different AMR architectures. Hence I have tried to create a virtual ARM machine following this tutorial (tutorial).
Basically, I downloaded 3 files from here and run the command in the directory with downloaded files.
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-versatile -initrd initrd.img-2.6.32-5-versatile -hda debian_squeeze_armel_standard.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/sda1" -redir tcp:2222::22
In the created virtual machine I have run uname -a and got information that architecture can be something write (armv5tejl):
root@debian-armel:~# uname -a
Linux debian-armel 2.6.32-5-versatile #1 Wed Sep 25 00:01:55 UTC 2013 armv5tejl GNU/Linux
When VM started I connected to it with ssh and copied c444 file to the machine, changed the permissions chmod 777 ./c444, and run the command ./c444 but got an error.
root@debian-armel:/home/user# ./c444
-bash: ./c444: No such file or directory
The questions
- The question is am I creating the correct environment to run this file?
- What could be a reason to get the error
-bash: ./c444: No such file or directory. - Maybe you could point to the direction of what images, kernels, etc. are necessary to build a system where I could run this file.
- Does somebody know what is the difference between QEMU machines and architecture?
