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This is a probably a very basic question, please bear with me.

I'm starting to get into reverse engineering following this pdf I found online: https://beginners.re/
I am, however, stuck at the very basic steps.

The relevant part from the PDF: 1]

When I try to compile my c++ code (which is the same as in the book) with the following command:

gcc main.cpp -S -O

This is the output I get:

2

Which, as you can see, is very different, and a lot more complicated than the supposed output written in the pdf. I'm unsure what I'm doing wrong, could anyone help me?

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Both outputs show the same effective assembly code. In both outputs, there is only a single instruction:

ret

The second example output is a variation of ret the reason for which is listed in this answer on Stackoverflow.

The more complicated output has several code organizational assembler directives. These directives are not instructions.

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  • Thank you! So if I understand correctly, assembler directives are to assembly what preprocessor directives are to C? Also, is there a way to generate a simplified output file similar to the one in the pdf (function names remaining, directives removed etc.), or did the author presumably manually clean up the codes himself? – Bobobot Dec 9 '17 at 19:57
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    The author probably cleaned up it himself. You can also use godbolt.org to quickly view disassembly for a given code – John Doe Dec 9 '17 at 21:16

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